Many homeowners rarely think about their sewer systems until a problem arises. Yet, understanding the type of sewer system you have is crucial for maintenance, repair, and renovation purposes. Different sewer systems exist, and they can greatly affect your property’s value, functionality, and environmental impact. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll delve into the various types of sewer systems, how to identify them, and why knowing your system type is essential.
Public Sewer Systems
Public sewer systems, also known as municipal or city sewer systems, are prevalent in urban areas and are maintained and operated by local governments or utility authorities. These systems are responsible for collecting wastewater and transporting it to treatment facilities. Identifying a public sewer system is relatively straightforward:
a. Sewer Access Points: If your property has one or more manholes in the street or sidewalk outside your home, it’s likely connected to a public sewer system. These manholes provide access for maintenance and inspection of the sewer lines.
b. Billing Statements: Check your utility bills. If you receive a separate charge for wastewater or sewage services, you’re likely connected to a public sewer system. This fee covers the cost of treating and transporting your wastewater.
c. Municipal Sewer Maps: Contact your local public works department or sewage authority. They can provide you with maps or information about the public sewer system in your area.
d. Neighbor Inquiries: Ask your neighbors if they’re connected to the same sewer system. Chances are, if you’re in an urban area, most properties nearby will be connected to the same public sewer system.
Public sewer systems offer convenience and reliability, as they are maintained and serviced by professionals. However, you’ll be responsible for your property’s lateral line, connecting your home to the public sewer system.
Private Sewer Systems
In contrast to public sewer systems, private sewer systems are self-contained systems that handle wastewater within the confines of a single property. These systems are commonly found in rural or suburban areas where connecting to a public sewer system may not be feasible. Identifying a private sewer system involves:
a. Inspection of Wastewater Treatment Equipment: Private sewer systems often consist of septic tanks, aerobic treatment units, or other treatment systems. These systems are usually located underground or in a designated area of the property.
b. Absence of Municipal Bills: If you don’t receive a wastewater or sewage charge on your utility bills and you’re not aware of a nearby public sewer system, you likely have a private sewer system.
c. Local Regulations: Research your local building and zoning codes. Many areas have specific regulations and requirements for private sewer systems, including maintenance and inspection schedules.
d. Professional Assessment: Consult with a local septic service provider or wastewater professional for an assessment. They can help you determine the type of system you have and its condition.
Private sewer systems require regular maintenance and inspections to ensure proper functioning and environmental compliance. Neglecting maintenance can lead to issues such as backups, odors, and contamination of the surrounding soil and groundwater.
Combined Sewer Systems
Combined sewer systems are a specialized type of public sewer system found in some older cities. These systems transport both sanitary wastewater and stormwater in the same pipes. Identifying a combined sewer system involves:
a. Overflow Outlets: Combined sewer systems often have overflow outlets that discharge excess water into nearby rivers or water bodies during heavy rains. If your area experiences combined sewer overflows (CSOs), you’re connected to a combined sewer system.
b. Public Notifications: Many cities with combined sewer systems are required to provide public notifications about CSOs and their environmental impact. Check for any such notices or information from your local authorities.
c. Sewer Maps: Local public works departments or utility authorities can provide sewer maps or information that identifies combined sewer areas.
Combined sewer systems are known for their susceptibility to overflows during heavy rainfall, leading to environmental concerns. These systems are gradually being updated and separated into dedicated stormwater and sanitary sewer systems for improved performance.
Separate Sanitary and Storm Sewer Systems
Separate sanitary and storm sewer systems are prevalent in modern urban areas and provide distinct pathways for sanitary wastewater and stormwater. To identify this system, look for:
a. Distinct Sewer Pipes: Separate systems have separate pipes for sanitary wastewater and stormwater. Sanitary sewers transport wastewater from homes and businesses, while storm sewers manage rainwater runoff.
b. Public Notices: Check for public notices from your local authorities that discuss the distinction between the two systems and their roles.
c. Sewer Infrastructure: Observe the sewer infrastructure in your area. If you see separate pipes or manholes labeled “stormwater” or “sanitary,” you likely have a separate system.
Separate systems help prevent sewage overflows during heavy rain, protecting water bodies and the environment. Understanding this system type can be vital when planning for stormwater management and property development.
On-Site Sewage Systems (OSS)
On-Site Sewage Systems (OSS), often referred to as individual septic systems, are private wastewater treatment systems that serve individual properties. To identify an OSS, consider the following:
a. Septic Tank: Most OSS include a septic tank, which is typically buried in the ground. Look for a tank access point in your yard.
b. Drainfield: In addition to the septic tank, an OSS has a drainfield where treated effluent is distributed and absorbed into the soil. This area may be marked by grass that grows particularly well.
c. Lack of Public Sewer Access Points: If you have no manholes or sewer access points on your property or nearby streets, you likely have an OSS.
d. Maintenance Records: If you have an OSS, you should have maintenance records that indicate when the system was last pumped and inspected.
Understanding that you have an OSS is essential for proper maintenance, as neglect can lead to costly repairs and environmental contamination. Regular inspections and pumping are necessary to ensure the system functions correctly.
Conclusion
Identifying the type of sewer system you have is crucial for homeowners and property owners. It not only helps you make informed decisions about maintenance and repairs but also influences property value and environmental impact. Whether you have a public sewer system, private sewer system, combined system, separate system, or an on-site sewage system, understanding the infrastructure on your property and in your area empowers you to manage your wastewater responsibly and efficiently. By taking the time to identify your sewer system, you can ensure the health and longevity of your home and contribute to the overall well-being of your community.